Nationality: Ancient Greek

Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was a pre‑eminent mathematician, physicist, engineer, and inventor whose discoveries in geometry, mechanics, and hydrostatics shaped the development of science for centuries.

Pythagoras of Samos was a pioneering ancient Greek thinker whose contributions to mathematics, music theory, and religious practice shaped Western intellectual history. He is best known for the theorem that bears his name and for founding the influential Pythagorean brotherhood.