Diego Velázquez (1599–1660) was the leading court painter of Spain’s Habsburg monarchy, whose sophisticated portraits redefined realism and influenced generations of artists. His career spanned a turbulent era, yet his work remains a benchmark of Baroque visual culture.
Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) was a Flemish Baroque painter whose prolific output, diplomatic career, and innovative visual language shaped European art in the 17th century.
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593–1653) was a pioneering Italian Baroque painter whose dramatic chiaroscuro and powerful depictions of biblical heroines made her one of the most acclaimed artists of her time and a lasting feminist icon.